What examinations should be done to prevent colorectal cancer

What kind of examinations should we do to prevent colorectal cancer? In recent years, colorectal cancer has become one of the major diseases that endanger human health, and it has brought great pain and distress to humans. In order to reduce the incidence of rectal cancer, what kind of examinations should we do to prevent colorectal cancer? Let's take a look at the following introduction.

1. Rectal examination: It is a necessary step in diagnosing colorectal cancer. About 70% to 79% of patients with rectal cancer can be found through rectal examination. A hard, uneven mass can be felt; in the late stage, a narrow mass in the intestinal cavity can be felt. The fixed finger cot can see dirty pus and blood containing feces.

2. Rectoscopy: The size, shape and location of the tumor can be observed and tissue can be directly taken for pathological examination.

3. Pathological examination: It is the main basis for the diagnosis of rectal cancer. Since rectal cancer surgery often involves diversion, which affects the patient's quality of life, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment, the results of pathological examination must be obtained before or during surgery to guide treatment. Never remove the anus easily.

4. Carcinoembryonic antigen determination: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination has been widely carried out and is generally considered to be valuable for evaluating treatment effects and prognosis. Continuous determination of serum CEA can be used to observe the effects of surgery or chemotherapy. A significant decrease in CEA after surgery or chemotherapy indicates a good treatment effect. If the surgery is not thorough or chemotherapy is ineffective, serum CEA often remains at a high level. If CEA drops to normal after surgery and then rises again, it often indicates tumor recurrence.

5. Barium enema contrast imaging: It helps to understand and exclude multiple cancer foci in the large intestine. The imaging manifestations of rectal cancer are as follows: ① Nodular filling defects, mostly on the inner wall of the rectum, round and smooth or slightly lobed, with local intestinal wall stiffness and concave. ② Cauliflower-shaped masses, larger, uneven surface, obvious lobes, wide base, and stiff intestinal wall. ③ Irregular annular stenosis, stiff wall, interrupted mucosa, and sharp boundaries. ④ Irregular intracavitary niches, triangular, long strip, etc., shallow, with uneven surrounding ring embankments. ⑤ Complete intestinal obstruction, or signs of intussusception, the proximal segment of the obstruction is sometimes difficult to display. It should be noted that X-ray examinations of barium enema sometimes cannot show rectal lesions, which can easily give people the illusion that there are no lesions.

6. Ultrasound examination: In cases where rectal tumors are found, further intrarectal ultrasound can be performed. This is a non-invasive examination developed in recent years. Its advantage is that it can determine the depth and range of rectal cancer invasion, and it is also valuable in determining whether there is lymph node metastasis. Liver ultrasound is particularly important to prevent missed diagnosis of rectal cancer liver metastasis.

The above are the examinations introduced to you for preventing colon cancer.