Pathological examination can also be selected for breast examination, which is an essential basis for clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. It is mainly used for suspected breast mammography and ultrasound examination. Pathological examination includes cytopathology and histopathology. Cytopathology is less invasive, less painful, fast, and easy to perform. Histopathology can not only determine the nature of the tumor, but also determine the type of tumor before surgery, providing a reference for treatment. The new generation of tissue puncture equipment can even remove early cancer lesions without surgery. As for the cost, hospitals in different regions and levels charge different fees, so it cannot be generalized. How much does a breast cancer screening cost? Breast cancer screening: (1) Mammography Since mammography can detect early breast cancer that cannot be felt clinically, especially the new generation of digital mammography, which makes the image clearer, the diagnosis rate of early breast cancer is higher, and the accuracy rate of distinguishing benign and malignant tumors can even reach more than 90%. Practice has also shown that 85% of breast cancer patients under the age of 50 are diagnosed by mammography. Mammography screening can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer in women over the age of 50 by 30%. Therefore, the American Cancer Society makes the following recommendations: women aged 35 to 39 should undergo a mammography examination; after the age of 40, once every one or two years; after the age of 50, once a year. Women over 35 in my country should also undergo mammography examinations according to the above requirements, and high-risk groups for breast cancer, such as those with menarche at the age of less than 12, menopause at the age of more than 52, first-time mothers at an advanced age (>35 years old), single women without children, family history of breast cancer, breast cancer on one side, patients who have been exposed to radiation during adolescence and patients with benign breast diseases, as well as patients with more severe breast hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, mastitis and breast trauma, should undergo a mammography examination once a year. (2) Ultrasound examination Ultrasound examination is also one of the commonly used examination methods for breast diseases, which can be used in combination with mammography. This method is non-toxic, harmless, simple, and can distinguish benign, malignant, cystic, solid, hyperplastic and other breast diseases. However, ultrasound examination sometimes produces false positives, and it is difficult to diagnose a mass smaller than 1 cm. (3) Ductoscopy If the patient has nipple discharge (watery discharge), ductoscopy can be used, and most patients can be diagnosed. This method has a high diagnosis rate and is less painful, but before the examination, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be checked, and if necessary, HIV should also be tested to prevent cross infection. (4) Pathological examination Pathological examination is an essential basis for clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. It is mainly used for mammographic X-ray examination and B-ultrasound examination of suspected breast cancer. Pathological examination includes cytopathology examination and histopathology examination. Cytopathology examination is less invasive, less painful, fast, and easy to perform. Histopathology examination can not only identify the tumor, but also determine the type of tumor before surgery, providing a reference for treatment. The new generation of tissue puncture equipment can even remove early cancer lesions without surgery. (5) Breast infrared examination: This examination is often used as a preliminary screening test for breast diseases during physical examinations because it is fast and non-radioactive. It is especially suitable for pregnant and lactating women and costs about a few dozen yuan. It uses the different absorption rates of infrared rays by normal tissue and diseased tissue to display different grayscale images such as light transmission, dark and bright, thereby diagnosing breast diseases. Although it is not a professional examination for breast cancer, it can be used as a screening test for breast lesions. |
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