How to check for endometrial cancer at the hospital

Endometrial cancer is a gynecological tumor. Patients with endometrial cancer often experience uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and other discomfort symptoms. Patients with endometrial cancer and their families should understand the relevant examination matters. Only in this way can they have a comprehensive understanding of the body. What examinations should be done?

1. Cytology

The diagnostic rate of vaginal cytology for endometrial cancer is lower than that for cervical cancer. The reasons are: ① Columnar epithelial cells do not often fall off; ② When the fallen cells pass through the cervical canal and reach the vagina, they are often dissolved and denatured, making them difficult to identify; ③ Sometimes the cervical canal is narrow and closed, making it difficult for the fallen cells to reach the vagina. In order to improve the positive diagnosis rate, many scholars have improved the location and method of specimen collection. With the improvement of diagnostic technology, the positive diagnosis rate of endometrial cancer has also been greatly improved.

2. Ultrasound examination

Hysterosonography is of certain significance in assessing endometrial cancer in terms of uterine cavity size, location, degree of myometrial invasion, whether the tumor has penetrated the uterine serosa, or whether it has involved the cervical canal, with a diagnostic consistency rate of 79.3% to 81.82%.

3. Diagnostic curettage

Curettage is an indispensable method for diagnosis. It is not only necessary to determine whether it is cancer, but also to determine the location of the cancer.

4. Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy can be used to observe the location, size, and boundaries of the cancer, whether it is localized or diffuse, whether it is exophytic or endophytic, and whether the cervical canal is involved. Biopsy of suspicious lesions can help to find smaller or early lesions. During microscopic examination, care should be taken to prevent complications such as bleeding, infection, and perforation.

5. Retroperitoneal lymphangiography

It can determine whether the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes have metastasized, which is helpful for deciding the treatment plan. In stage I and II, the positive rates of pelvic lymph nodes are 10.6 and 36.5, respectively.

6. CT scan images and magnetic resonance imaging

CT has a certain value in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. CT scan images are clear, and the fine structure of the tissue can be accurately depicted. CT can accurately measure the size and range of the tumor. For patients with localized uterine wall tumors, 83% can determine the stage of the lesion. CT can also determine the metastatic nodules of uterine tumors to the surrounding connective tissue, pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, pelvic wall, and peritoneum. In particular, the examination of obese women is better than ultrasound. MRI is a three-dimensional scan, which is better than CT two-dimensional scan. It can depict stage Ia endometrial cancer. It can also depict the extent of lesions infiltrating from the endometrium to the myometrium, that is, it is manifested as irregular high-signal endometrial thickening areas and the disappearance of low signals in the connecting areas between the myometrium. The overall accuracy of MRI diagnosis is 88%. It can accurately judge the degree of myometrial invasion (radiotherapy is not accurate), thereby more accurately estimating the tumor stage. MRI diagnosis is not ideal for smaller pelvic metastatic lesions and lymph node metastases.

The examination of endometrial cancer is very important. During the examination, the degree of development of the disease can be seen, and a comprehensive understanding of the patient's physical fitness can be obtained. This allows the doctor to prescribe the right medicine and play a very good and positive role in the recovery of the disease.