What tests are needed for ovarian tumors?

Although great progress has been made in both basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignant tumors in recent years, unfortunately, its 5-year survival rate has not improved significantly. B-ultrasound examination is one of the important methods for examining ovarian tumors. So, what examinations are needed for ovarian tumors? The following experts will introduce the following aspects of B-ultrasound examination of ovarian tumors:

1. Clinical examination

It mainly relies on clinical signs, such as abdominal distension, constipation, frequent urination, and abdominal mass. Some tumors can cause precocious puberty, postmenopausal bleeding, virilization, etc. A gynecological examination should be performed first. If unilateral or bilateral cystic or solid spherical masses and other pelvic abnormalities are palpated beside the uterus, various methods should be used to further confirm the diagnosis.

2. Ultrasound examination

It can assist in locating pelvic or abdominal tumors with an accuracy rate of more than 10000; distinguish between cystic or solid tumors, uterus or adnexa; and identify ovarian tumors, ascites or encapsulated effusions.

3. Cytological examination

Ovarian tumors with ascites can be examined for cancer cells by ascites puncture. Although the positive rate of smears from the posterior vaginal fornix for cancer cells is not high, it is completely harmless to the patient, so it is also a method of examination. In some ovarian tumors, estrogen is secreted, especially after menopause, the smear is highly affected by estrogen, which can assist in the examination.

4. X-ray examination

Teeth, bones and transparent shadows can be seen on the plain abdominal film of mature teratoma. Calcification foci can be seen on the X-ray film of papillary cystadenoma. Intestinal angiography can exclude intestinal tumors and help understand the location of the mass. Pneumoperitoneum and hysterosalpingography are also helpful in identifying the source of pelvic masses.

5. Laparoscopy

Under direct endoscopic vision, early and clear examinations and biopsies can be performed to determine the nature of the tumor and the extent of infiltration, assist in staging, and observe the effects of chemotherapy, which are of certain value in determining prognosis and guiding treatment.

6. Hormone determination

In cases of feminizing tumors, the estrogen levels in the blood and urine increase, and in cases of masculinizing tumors, the 17-hydroxy and 17-ketosteroid levels in the urine increase. In cases of ovarian choriocarcinoma, the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood and urine increase.

The methods for checking and diagnosing ovarian malignant tumors have been introduced very clearly. Only when we understand these methods can we help people get timely checks and diagnoses and receive timely treatment when they are sick, so as to avoid missing the best time for treatment and preventing the occurrence of ovarian malignant tumors from causing too much health harm to patients.