What tests are needed for endometrial cancer? These five tests need to be done

Endometrial cancer requires a comprehensive examination, which mainly includes medical history, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, colonoscopy, lymphangiography, B-type ultrasound examination, etc. Because the condition is different, the specific examination items will also be different. Patients should pay attention to follow the doctor's advice and only carry out symptomatic treatment after finding out the cause.

Endometrial cancer is a common gynecological malignancy. The incidence trend in recent years has increased significantly. The onset of the disease will cause many abnormalities in the patient's body, which will greatly affect the body and life. Therefore, if you find yourself feeling unwell, you should check it out in time. So, what examinations are needed for endometrial cancer?
1. Medical history <br/>Endometrial cancer patients are mostly elderly women with delayed menopause or irregular menstruation; they are often infertile or have few parities, and are associated with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. If they have irregular vaginal bleeding or foul-smelling discharge after menopause, they should be given more attention. For young patients with irregular vaginal bleeding, the cause should also be carefully clarified, especially those who have not been effectively treated should also undergo diagnostic curettage. Vaginal discharge and abdominal pain are already late symptoms.
2. Hysteroscopy <br/>Currently, hysteroscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Fiber hysteroscopy is the most widely used in China. About 20% of patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding suffer from endometrial cancer. Hysteroscopy can directly observe the cervical canal and uterine cavity, detect lesions and accurately take biopsies, which can improve the diagnosis rate of biopsy and avoid missed diagnoses by conventional curettage. It can also provide information such as the scope of the lesion and whether the cervical canal is involved, and assist in correct clinical staging before surgery. However, due to the injection of uterine distension fluid during hysteroscopy, it is possible that the fluid may flow into the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes, causing cancer cells to spread and affecting the prognosis. This should be noted.
3. Cystoscopy and proctoscopy are important for determining whether there is tumor invasion, but biopsy confirmation is required to confirm bladder or rectal involvement.
4. Lymphatic angiography <br/>Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show that lymphatic metastasis is the main route of spread of endometrial cancer. Literature reports that the lymphatic metastasis rate of stage I endometrial cancer is 10.6%, and that of stage II is 36.5%. Lymphatic angiography can be used in preoperative examination to predict whether lymph node metastasis is present, but the operation is complicated and puncture is difficult, making it difficult to promote clinical application.
5. Type B ultrasound examination <br/>Type B ultrasound examination has developed rapidly in recent years, especially transvaginal B ultrasound examination has been widely used in gynecological clinic, and has made certain progress in auxiliary diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Transvaginal ultrasound examination can know the size of the uterus, the shape of the uterine cavity, the presence of wart-like growths in the uterus, the thickness of the endometrium, muscle penetration and depth, which can be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis and pathological materials (uterine biopsy, or curettage).