Is skin cancer a serious disease?

Skin cancer is a serious disease, and early detection and treatment are crucial. Skin cancer is mainly divided into basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, of which melanoma is the most dangerous. The occurrence of skin cancer is closely related to genetics, environmental factors, physiological factors, trauma and pathological changes.

1. Genetic factors

The occurrence of skin cancer may be related to heredity. People with a family history of skin cancer have a higher risk of the disease. Gene mutations such as abnormalities in the CDKN2A and BRAF genes may increase the risk of melanoma. People with a family history are advised to have regular skin examinations, especially to pay attention to changes in moles.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays is the main cause of skin cancer. Ultraviolet rays can damage the DNA of skin cells, causing abnormal cell proliferation. People who work outdoors or often sunbathe should take sun protection measures, such as using sunscreen with SPF 30 or above, and wearing sun-protective clothing and hats.

3. Physiological factors

Skin type and immune system status can also affect the development of skin cancer. People with lighter skin are more vulnerable to UV damage, and people with weaker immune systems are at a higher risk of cancer. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, getting enough exercise and getting enough sleep, can help boost your immunity.

4. Trauma and pathological changes

Chronic skin inflammation or areas of skin that are repeatedly injured may increase the risk of cancer. For example, ulcers or scar tissue that do not heal for a long time may develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Unusual changes on the skin, such as new moles, patches of uneven color, or lumps that continue to grow, should be checked by your doctor.

Treatment options include surgical removal, radiation therapy, and drug therapy. Surgical removal is the main treatment for early-stage skin cancer and is suitable for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Radiation therapy can be used for inoperable areas or recurrent tumors. Drug treatment includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy, such as BRAF inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors, for advanced melanoma.

The key to preventing skin cancer is to avoid excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, check skin changes regularly, and seek medical attention in a timely manner. For high-risk groups, annual dermatological examinations are recommended. Through early detection and scientific treatment, the prognosis of skin cancer can be significantly improved.