What are the things that need attention in uremia?

Uremia is not unfamiliar to many elderly people, and it is also a disease with a very high incidence rate. Many elderly people often suffer from uremia. Moreover, there are many things that patients need to pay attention to in their daily lives. If they do not pay attention, it will be very detrimental to the condition. In severe cases, it can easily lead to death. So, what are the things that need to be paid attention to in uremia?

1. A low-protein diet should be adopted. Patients in the azotemia and uremia stages should mainly choose high-quality and high-biological-value animal proteins, such as fresh milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, etc., to supplement various essential amino acids. Although plants such as soybeans and peanuts contain protein, 1. Control the intake of water and sodium: measure and record your daily urine output. The daily water intake of dialysis patients is generally daily urine volume + 500 ml. Measure body weight at a fixed time every day, and the weight between two dialysis sessions should not exceed 2 to 3 kg. 2. Care of arteriovenous fistula: Do not lift heavy objects, wear tight clothes or bandage the fistula-side limb too tightly. Keep the area clean to prevent infection; check whether it is unobstructed by touching it with your hands or using a stethoscope. If it is still and soundless, go to the hospital immediately for treatment. 3. Low-salt diet: Eat less salty food, especially various pickled foods, as these foods will reduce urine volume. 4. Pay attention to supplementing high-quality protein, such as lean meat, egg white, etc., and eat less plant protein such as soy products, corn, flour, etc. 5. Supplement vitamin D appropriately and eat less dry beans, offal, yeast and germ foods, as these foods will increase the calcium and uric acid levels in urine. 6. Avoid eating high-potassium and high-phosphorus foods, such as potatoes, bananas, oranges, etc. 7. Supplement vitamins and avoid drinking strong tea, coffee, etc. It is of high quality but contains few essential amino acids, so it is not advisable to eat too much. The daily protein intake is 20 grams, which not only ensures the supply of essential amino acids for the body, but also enables the body to use non-protein nitrogen to synthesize non-essential amino acids under low protein supply, thereby reducing azotemia. 8. The diet should be rich in vitamins. Food should be easy to digest and contain sufficient vitamins, especially vitamins B, C, and D. Avoid mechanical damage to the digestive tract caused by rough food, which may lead to digestive tract bleeding. For patients with good appetite during the azotemia stage, the calorie intake should not be less than 35 calories per kilogram of body weight, but in the uremia stage, it depends on the patient's appetite. 9. Replenish water and salt in time. Patients with uremia are prone to dehydration and hyponatremia, especially those with long-term loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea. Once it happens, replenish it in time. However, it should be noted that uremic patients have poor tolerance to water and sodium, and excessive supplementation should be avoided to avoid hypernatremia or water intoxication. 10. Pay attention to calcium and potassium supplementation. The blood potassium of patients with uremia is generally low, and hypokalemia is very likely to occur after using diuretics. At this time, you can eat more fresh fruits and potassium chloride. Patients with uremia often have low blood calcium levels. They can eat more foods high in calcium, such as fish, shrimp, meat and bone soup, etc.

The above are the things that patients with uremia need to pay attention to in daily life. Salt and water should be replenished in time, but not too much. If too much is replenished, water poisoning will easily occur. So you must pay attention to this, otherwise it will aggravate the symptoms of uremia, and then the gain will outweigh the loss!