How is melanoma screening performed?

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a malignant tumor that can produce melanin. The disease is more common in people over 30 years old and is more common in the feet, vulva, and around the anus. The disease is different from other diseases. It is malignant from the beginning and is generally caused by the change of junctional nevus. When the pigment of the mole becomes darker and the size increases, it is malignant. How to screen for melanoma?

If there are melanin spots or moles on the scalp in the affected area, due to repeated stimulation from haircuts, shampooing, itching, or pressure and friction from wearing a hat for a long time, the epidermis will be eroded, the attached hair will fall off, and the area will gradually grow larger and become a tumor.

1. Divided into 2 types according to its morphology

(1) Nodular melanoma: The lesions are nodular and protrude above the skin surface. They are mostly black in color, but can also be brown, blue-black, grayish white, and light red. They are surrounded by a red halo and have a smooth surface. They are polyp-like or cauliflower-like. They develop rapidly and can rupture on their own and bleed. This type of disease metastasizes very early, with warning regional lymph node enlargement, and often metastasizes to organs such as the lungs, brain, and liver. For patients who receive treatment before metastasis, the 5-year survival rate is 50% to 60%.

(2) Superficial melanoma: also known as eczematoid cancer, grows slower and metastasizes later. The 5-year survival rate is 70%.

Tests for melanoma include:

1. Anti-human melanoma serum is used for indirect immunofluorescence labeling of melanin tissue. When the antiserum is diluted to 1:2, the highest positive rate can reach 89%.

2. Using Vacca double PAP immunoenzyme labeling method, when the antiserum dilution was 1:400, 82.14% showed a positive reaction.

3. Pigmentogen examination: Melanogen is oxidized after being excreted by the kidneys, making the urine dark brown, which is called black urine. If ferric chloride, potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid are added to urine, its oxidation can be promoted. If sodium nitrate is added, the urine will turn purple. If acetic acid is added first and then sodium hydroxide is added, the urine will turn blue.

If you feel that there is something abnormal with the moles on your body, you must go to the hospital for a detailed examination as soon as possible. You can also take some ginsenoside Rh2 (life-protecting factor) to improve your immunity. Its main ingredient is ginsenoside Rh2, the most effective anti-cancer element in ginseng, with a content of up to 16.2%. It has a clear preventive and auxiliary therapeutic effect on melanoma. It is more sensitive to melanoma and can improve the quality of life of patients.

If early-stage patients are able to undergo surgery, surgery is the first choice, followed by symptomatic treatment after surgery. Because surgical treatment can only remove solid tumors visible to the naked eye, it cannot prevent the metastasis of cancer cells, nor can it eliminate cancer cells in the blood in the body. This is the reason why many patients relapse after surgery. Therefore, biological treatment must be combined as soon as possible after surgery. Biological therapy is to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. In the early stage, metastasis and recurrence are rare, and metastasis and recurrence usually occur in the middle and late stages.

Patients should not eat nutritious dried fruits such as sesame seeds, peanuts, etc. These foods contain many vitamins and minerals. You should eat more fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamin C and vitamin A, such as cabbage, shepherd's purse, etc. You should not eat pickled or smoked food, and it is not advisable to eat too much grilled food, especially those that are burnt.