Pulmonary edema is actually caused by these problems

There are many kinds of edema. Some are just skin edema which is a physiological phenomenon, and some are organ edema. There are many causes of pulmonary edema, which usually leads to multiple complications. Patients with pulmonary edema should reasonably judge the cause of the disease, find the factors causing the disease, and choose appropriate methods for treatment. These are very important.

The causes of pulmonary edema can be divided into two categories according to the anatomical location: cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic. The latter can be divided into several types according to different pathogenesis.

1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Under normal circumstances, the blood output of the left and right hearts remains relatively balanced. However, in certain pathological conditions, such as a sharp increase in the amount of blood returning to the heart and the right heart output or a sudden and severe decrease in the left heart output, a large amount of blood accumulates in the pulmonary circulation, causing the pulmonary capillary venous pressure to rise sharply. When it rises to a level that exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, on the one hand, the hemodynamics in the capillaries change, and on the other hand, the pulmonary circulation becomes congested, the permeability of the pulmonary capillary walls increases, and the fluid is filtered out through the capillary walls to form pulmonary edema. Clinically, acute pulmonary edema caused by hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease and rheumatic heart valve disease accounts for the vast majority of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. It can also be caused by myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and severe tachyarrhythmias.

2. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

(1) Increased pulmonary capillary permeability:

① Infectious pulmonary edema is caused by systemic and/or pulmonary infections such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, protozoa, etc.

② Inhalation of harmful gases, such as phosgene (COCl2), chlorine, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.

③Blood circulating toxins and vasoactive substances, such as alloxan, snake venom, organophosphorus, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, etc.

④ Diffuse capillary leak syndrome, such as endotoxemia, large-scale use of biological agents, etc.

⑤ Severe burns and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

⑥Allergic reaction, drug-specific reaction, allergic alveolitis, etc.

⑦ Radiation pneumonitis, such as high-dose radiotherapy for chest malignant tumors can cause pulmonary edema.

⑧Uremia, such as uremic pneumonia, is a manifestation of pulmonary edema.