Ichthyosis has several manifestations

Ichthyosis is a relatively common skin disease. This disease is mostly a dominant inherited skin disease. It is relatively difficult to treat and has a great impact on the patient's organ health. Although the disease is relatively stubborn, as long as the treatment is strengthened, it can generally achieve good relief effects. There are many manifestations of ichthyosis, the following five are the most common.

1. Autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris:

This type is a common mild ichthyosis. If one or both parents are sick, there will often be patients in the family, but there is no gender difference. The disease often develops in childhood, and the symptoms improve or disappear in adulthood. The severity of skin lesions varies. In mild cases, the skin is only dry in winter, without obvious scales, and powdery scales fall off after scratching.

2. Sex-linked ichthyosis vulgaris:

Less common. Since the gene for this disease is on the X chromosome, almost all of the cases are males, and most develop within 3 months after birth. The skin lesions are slightly different from the above type. The scales are large and obvious, and are yellowish brown or dirty black in size. The skin is dry and rough. The lesions may be localized or widespread. The front of the neck, extensor side of the limbs, and trunk are often affected. If the face is affected, it is limited to the area in front of the ears and the sides of the face.

3. Epidermolytic hyperkeratotic ichthyosis:

Also known as bullous ichthyosis-like erythroderma, it is rare in clinical practice. At birth or a few hours after birth, generalized erythema and scaling appear. After the scales fall off, the whole body becomes red and there are widely distributed bullae. After the blisters heal, there are no scars. With age, the blisters and erythrosis gradually decrease and subside, manifesting as warty hyperkeratosis, especially in the flexural and intertriginous areas such as the elbows, popliteal fossa, axillae, and groin.

4. Lamellar ichthyosis:

It is an autosomal recessive inheritance and is very rare. After birth, the whole body is tightly wrapped by a layer of extensive collodion-like membrane. After 2 to 3 weeks, the membrane falls off, and the skin becomes widespread and chronically flushed, with large gray-brown quadrilateral or diamond-shaped scales on it, which are fixed in the center and free at the edges. It often occurs symmetrically on the trunk and limbs, including the folds of the body. Hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles has a slow course and can persist throughout life; the erythroderma may be reduced in adulthood, but scaling will still exist. One-third of patients have severe ectropion and lip eversion.

5. Ichthyosis tortuosus linearis:

A generalized, multiannular, crepidic eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities with a peripheral, thickened, slowly changing keratinized rim and lichenification or hyperkeratosis of the flexural surfaces of the popliteal and antecubital fossae. In some cases, flaccid subcorneal blisters and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis may occur. Bamboo-node hair can be seen in most cases. Atopic dermatitis often coexists with this disease. As people age, their skin and hair gradually improve, but the skin can still be dry and flaky.