Effects of biosynthetic human insulin

The effects of biosynthetic human insulin are quite diverse, but people are not so clear about the benefits this substance brings to their bodies. In fact, this substance can be used to treat diabetes after being injected into the body. It can even have a good improvement effect on some cancer diseases. It can also accelerate the synthesis of protein in the body and has many effects on the body.

Treat diabetes and wasting diseases. It promotes glucose in the blood circulation to enter liver cells, muscle cells, fat cells and other tissue cells to synthesize glycogen, thereby lowering blood sugar and promoting the synthesis of fat and protein.

Physiological effects

The main physiological function of insulin is to regulate metabolic processes. For sugar metabolism: promote the uptake and utilization of glucose by tissue cells, promote glycogen synthesis, inhibit gluconeogenesis, and lower blood sugar; for fat metabolism: promote fatty acid synthesis and fat storage, reduce fat decomposition; for protein: promote the entry of amino acids into cells, promote all aspects of protein synthesis to increase protein synthesis. The overall effect is to promote anabolism. Insulin is the only hormone in the body that lowers blood sugar, and it is also the only hormone that simultaneously promotes the synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein. The mechanism of action belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase mechanism.

Regulates sugar metabolism

Insulin can promote the uptake and utilization of glucose by tissue cells throughout the body, and inhibit the breakdown of glycogen and gluconeogenesis. Therefore, insulin has the effect of lowering blood sugar. When excessive insulin is secreted, blood sugar drops rapidly, and the brain tissue is most affected, which can cause convulsions, coma, and even insulin shock. On the contrary, insufficient insulin secretion or lack of insulin receptors often leads to increased blood sugar; if it exceeds the renal glucose threshold, sugar is excreted in the urine, causing diabetes; at the same time, due to changes in blood components (containing excessive glucose), it also leads to diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and retinal vascular disease. Insulin lowers blood sugar as a result of multiple effects:

(1) Promote the cell membrane carriers of target cells in muscle, adipose tissue, etc. to transport glucose from the blood into cells.

(2) Covalent modification enhances phosphodiesterase activity, reduces cAMP levels, and increases cGMP concentrations, thereby increasing glycogen synthase activity and reducing phosphorylase activity, accelerating glycogen synthesis and inhibiting glycogenolysis.

(3) By activating pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, pyruvate dehydrogenase is activated, accelerating the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and accelerating the aerobic oxidation of sugars.

(3) Inhibit gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the synthesis of PEP carboxykinase and reducing the raw materials for gluconeogenesis.