The difference between carbonyl and keto groups

Chemistry is a course that everyone has been exposed to since junior high school. Through chemistry, we can understand many trace elements and their related characteristics. The more we are exposed to, the more we know. With the increase of cognition, the more we don’t understand. Many people cannot clearly understand the difference between carbonyl and keto groups. To help everyone establish a better understanding, the following article will specifically talk about the difference between carbonyl and keto groups!

Difference Between Carbonyl and Keto

A keto group is a carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom, and this carbon atom also forms a covalent bond structure with two other carbon atoms. Ketone groups are able to strongly absorb at 300nm

The groups that affect light waves, polymers containing ketone groups easily absorb ultraviolet rays and cause photodegradation. Carbonyl group

It is an organic functional group formed by carbon and oxygen atoms connected by a double bond (-C=O-). It is a component of functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives.

Carbonyl properties

1Physical properties: Strong infrared absorption.

2 Chemical properties: Due to the strong electron-withdrawing property of oxygen, nucleophilic addition reaction is easy to occur on carbon atom. Other common chemical reactions include: nucleophilic reduction reaction, aldol condensation reaction.

Ketone properties

Physical properties: Strong infrared absorption.

Chemical properties: Due to the strong electron-withdrawing property of oxygen, nucleophilic addition reaction is easy to occur on carbon atom. Other common chemical reactions include: nucleophilic reduction reaction, aldol condensation reaction.

Reaction: Reaction of α-hydrogen

The carbonyl reaction is a nucleophilic addition reaction

The π bond in the carbonyl group is similar to the π bond in the carbon-carbon double bond and is also easily broken. Therefore, similar to the carbon-carbon double bond, the carbonyl group can also undergo addition reaction by breaking the π bond. Unlike the carbon-carbon double bond, since the electronegativity of the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group is greater than that of the carbon atom, the mobile π electrons are strongly pulled toward the oxygen atom, so the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group is electron-rich, so that the oxygen atom carries a partial negative charge, and the carbon atom in the carbonyl group is electron-deficient, so that the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge (). Therefore, the carbonyl group is a polar group with a certain dipole moment. The direction of the dipole moment is from carbon to oxygen, so that the carbonyl group has two reaction centers, a positive charge center on the carbon atom and a negative charge center on the oxygen atom. Generally speaking, partially positively charged carbon atoms are more chemically reactive than negatively charged oxygen atoms. Therefore, unlike carbon-carbon double bonds which are prone to electrophilic addition reactions, carbon-oxygen double bonds are most susceptible to nucleophilic addition reactions attacked by nucleophiles. Generally, the nucleophilic part (Nu) of the nucleophile (NuA) first attacks the carbonyl carbon atom, and then the positively charged electrophilic part (A) is added to the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. Therefore, the typical reaction of carbonyl group is nucleophilic addition reaction.