What are the symptoms of endocrine tumors

Tumors can grow in any human system because tumors are a common chronic disease. The causes of tumors are very complex and are closely related to a person's emotions, eating habits and lifestyle. One type of tumor is called endocrine tumor, which is very rare in life. It mainly affects people's endocrine system, so what symptoms will endocrine tumors have in the human body?

1. Symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors

1.1. Carcinoid syndrome: sudden or persistent flushing of the head, face, and trunk skin, which may be induced by alcohol, strenuous activity, mental stress, or eating foods containing 3-p-hydroxyaniline such as chocolate and bananas; mild or moderate diarrhea.

1.2. Gastrinoma often presents as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, with common symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea, intermittent diarrhea, often steatorrhea, and recurrent, refractory peptic ulcer symptoms.

1.3. The clinical symptoms of insulinoma are related to the excessive secretion of insulin by tumor cells. The characteristic symptom is persistent hypoglycemia, which is common in the early morning or after exercise. Other symptoms include blurred vision, mental abnormalities, etc.

1.4. Glucagonoma is often accompanied by excessive glucagon secretion. The typical symptoms are necrotizing migratory erythema accompanied by anemia and thrombocytopenia. There may also be tumor symptoms such as painful red tongue, chapped lips, venous thrombosis, intestinal obstruction and constipation.

1.5. The typical symptom of VIP tumor is Verner-Morrison syndrome, also known as pancreatic cholera syndrome, which is manifested by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, gastric acid deficiency and metabolic acidosis.

2. Neuroendocrine tumor examination methods

2.1. Routine blood test, tumor marker detection, abdominal CT, chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide determination.

2.2. The measurement of chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide can help in diagnosis and monitoring of tumor treatment effects.

2.3. Special staining and immunohistochemistry examination.

3. Can neuroendocrine tumors be cured?

Neuroendocrine tumors are a highly differentiated new type of neuroendocrine substance, which is different from neuroendocrine cancer. The latter is less differentiated and more malignant, requiring adjuvant treatment after surgery. The former has a high degree of differentiation but a low degree of malignancy and is in better condition.

Neuroendocrine tumors refer to tumors that occur in neuroendocrine cells. If they are discovered in the early stages, they can be treated surgically, and the chances of cure are relatively high. Surgery is also possible in the late stages, but it is more risky.

Neuroendocrine tumor treatment

The treatment of neuroendocrine tumors is evolving rapidly. Currently, the clinical treatment of neuroendocrine tumors generally adopts biological therapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection.

The treatment guidelines of NCCN and ENET recommend that surgery be the main treatment for patients with early-stage neuroendocrine tumors.

Advanced patients are mainly treated with systemic therapy, among which somatostatin analogues can be used as basic treatment.

Biological therapy mainly consists of somatostatin analogs such as octreotide, which can reduce tumor secretion and inhibit tumor growth by promoting apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle.

The survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors with distant metastases was significantly prolonged by treatment with somatostatin analogs.

Among the known solid tumors, neuroendocrine tumors are a very complex category, and there are many treatment methods, including endoscopic and surgical treatment, radiological interventional therapy, radionuclide therapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, molecular targeted therapy, etc.