What are bladder nodules

Even if bladder nodules occur, they will not cause serious symptoms. You will only feel some pain in your bladder occasionally, but it will not last too long. Therefore, you can only know that there are nodules in your bladder when you go for an examination. In this case, you must find the most suitable treatment methods to improve the condition based on your examination results.

A routine urine test generally includes 10 items: PRO (protein), RLD or ERY (red blood cells), LEU (white blood cells) are mainly used to diagnose nephritis, kidney stones, urinary tract infections and other diseases, SG (specific gravity), PH (acidity) are used to evaluate renal tubular function (concentrating function and acidification function), GLU (glucose) is used to check renal tubular function and diabetes, NIT (nitrite) positive indicates bacterial infection in the urinary tract, KET (ketone bodies) are used to detect diabetic ketoacidosis and starvation, BIL (urine bilirubin), UBG (urobilirubin) are auxiliary tests for jaundice, used to differentiate hemolytic, hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice. It should be noted that there are errors in the RLD and LEU measured by the current automatic urine test instrument, and generally large municipal hospitals use manual microscopic examination as the standard.

Urine color: The color of normal urine is mainly caused by urochrome, and its daily excretion is generally constant, so the depth of urine color changes with the amount of urine. Normal urine is straw yellow, while abnormal urine color may change due to factors such as food, medicine, pigments, and blood.

Transparency: Normal fresh urine is mostly clear and transparent, except for women's urine which is slightly turbid. If it is left for too long, it will become slightly turbid. This is because the acidity and alkalinity of the urine changes, and the mucus protein, nucleoprotein, etc. in the urine gradually precipitate.

If abnormalities are found in routine urine tests, you should pay attention to it promptly and seek medical attention to rule out the possibility of kidney disease.

1. Early paraurethral adenocarcinoma should be distinguished from urethral caruncle. For urethral caruncle suspected of malignancy, a biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

2. In the middle and late stages of paraurethral adenocarcinoma, the primary lesion should be excluded from the vestibule, but the former is adenocarcinoma and the latter is squamous cell carcinoma.

Paraurethral adenocarcinoma can be initially diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and signs; it can be confirmed when a biopsy of a tumor at the urethral orifice is confirmed to be adenocarcinoma. The time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis may range from a few days to several years, generally 3 to 12 months. In a few cases, patients may have no symptoms at all, and they often discover urethral cancer accidentally while checking for other diseases.

Cancer of the middle and lower urethra may be detected by inspection or palpation. The lesion may appear as a bright red papillary growth protruding into the urethral cavity and urethral orifice. It is easy to be misdiagnosed as a urethral caruncle, and the misdiagnosis rate is about 8%. Urethral neoplasms should also be differentiated from lesions such as urethral mucosal prolapse and diverticulum caused by acute and chronic inflammation.

Urethral cancer can be detected through vaginal palpation. Vaginal examination may reveal thickening, hardening and cord-like masses in the urethra. Vaginal examination can reveal the size, texture, mobility, etc. of the lesion, and bimanual vaginal examination can reveal whether there is bladder and pelvic metastasis. When the lesion invades the vaginal wall, it is difficult to determine whether the primary lesion comes from the urethra or the vagina itself.