9 ways to diagnose early bladder cancer

Hematuria is the most common and earliest symptom of bladder cancer, but it is often intermittent and may subside or stop on its own. It does not attract enough attention from patients and has little diagnostic significance for bladder cancer. Therefore, patients with hematuria symptoms should also undergo the following examinations to detect bladder cancer early.

1. Urinalysis: can detect hematuria that is invisible to the naked eye.

2. Bimanual bladder examination: It can check the scope and depth of bladder tumor infiltration. The patient and the doctor need to cooperate during the examination. Be careful to move gently to avoid bleeding.

3. Cystoscopy: This is the main method for diagnosing bladder cancer. It can directly see the location, size, number, shape, infiltration, etc. of the bladder tumor, and can perform tumor biopsy at the same time.

4. CT examination: It can detect tumors and enlarged lymph nodes with an accuracy rate of 80%, and it helps in the staging of bladder tumors.

5. Type B ultrasound: This examination is a non-invasive procedure that causes no pain to the patient and can detect bladder tumors with a diameter greater than 0.5 cm.

6. Cystography: It is generally used to supplement the deficiencies of cystoscopy. If the tumor is too large, cystography can be used to view the entire picture. Double contrast imaging can show the tumor more clearly.

7. Urine cytology examination: As an early diagnostic method for bladder tumors, it is painless, convenient, and easy for patients to accept, but the diagnostic positive rate is not high and it is easily affected by inflammation.

8. Urine flow cytometry: It can rapidly measure the RNA and DNA in each cell in the urine in a very short time, thus accurately estimating the malignant potential of the tumor.

9. Photosensitivity diagnosis of hematoporphyrin derivatives: It helps to diagnose bladder cancer at an early stage and detect tiny lesions and carcinoma in situ that are difficult to detect by cystoscopy.