Diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer

Diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer? Kidney cancer accounts for about 2% to 3% of adult malignant tumors, and 80% to 90% of adult kidney malignant tumors. The incidence rate varies from country to country or region to region. In general, the incidence rate in developed countries is higher than that in developing countries, and in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas. There are more men than women, and the ratio of male to female patients is about 2:1. The age of onset can be seen in all age groups, with a high incidence age of 50 to 70 years old. It can be seen that the incidence rate of the disease. So, what are the diagnostic methods for kidney cancer? Below, the editor will introduce it to you.

The diagnosis of renal cancer requires laboratory tests, imaging tests, and pathological tests: The purpose of laboratory tests is to serve as an evaluation index for the patient's general condition before surgery, liver and kidney function, and prognosis, mainly including urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver function, complete blood cell count, hemoglobin, blood calcium, blood sugar, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. At present, there is no recognized tumor marker that can be used for the clinical diagnosis of renal cancer. The clinical diagnosis of renal cancer mainly relies on imaging examinations, and pathological examinations are required for confirmation.

Common imaging examinations include: chest X-ray (frontal and lateral), abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT, abdominal MRI. PET or PET-CT examinations are rarely used to diagnose kidney cancer. They are mostly used in patients with advanced kidney cancer to detect distant metastatic lesions or to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy or radiotherapy. For those who have not undergone CT enhanced scanning and cannot evaluate the contralateral kidney function, radionuclide renal blood flow mapping or intravenous urography should be performed. Renal cancer patients with any of the following three conditions should undergo radionuclide bone imaging:

1. There are corresponding bone symptoms.

2. High alkaline phosphatase.

3. Clinical stage ≥ stage III. Patients with renal cancer who have suspicious lung nodules on chest X-ray or clinical stage ≥ stage III should undergo chest CT scans. Patients with renal cancer who have headaches or corresponding neurological symptoms should also undergo head MRI and CT scans.

Because the diagnostic accuracy of imaging examinations for renal cancer is as high as over 90%, and the value of renal biopsy pathological examination in diagnosing renal cancer is limited, renal biopsy is usually not performed. However, for patients with small tumors whose nature is difficult to determine by imaging diagnosis, nephron-sparing surgery or regular (1 to 3 months) follow-up examinations can be chosen. For elderly and frail patients with renal cancer or patients with contraindications to surgery, or patients with advanced renal cancer who cannot undergo surgery and require energy ablation treatment (such as radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, etc.) or chemotherapy, renal biopsy can be selected to obtain a pathological diagnosis before treatment for a clear diagnosis.