What are the nursing measures for kidney cancer

The nursing care of kidney cancer is carried out closely around the treatment process of kidney cancer from beginning to end. From the initial psychological comfort of patients to preoperative guidance and postoperative care, the nursing work of kidney cancer is carried out in an orderly manner. Generally, the 5-year survival rate of kidney cancer after nephrectomy is 35% to 40%, and the 10-year survival rate is 17% to 30%. The prognosis of kidney cancer is sometimes difficult to estimate, so the nursing work of kidney cancer should not be underestimated.

1. Psychological care:

Most patients are not prepared for the fact that they are diagnosed with kidney cancer. They are unable to bear this vicious stimulation psychologically at first, and they show pessimism, despair, insomnia, anorexia, irritability, etc. Nurses and patients' families should deeply understand the psychological changes of patients, care for patients, give the greatest spiritual encouragement and establish a good patient-nurse relationship with patients. They should patiently explain the safety of treatment and the necessity of surgery to save lives, so that patients can be mentally stable and cooperate with treatment.

2. Understand the pathological changes of the affected kidney and the function of the contralateral kidney before surgery.

Explain the role of various tubes inserted after surgery and matters that need to be coordinated. In order to significantly improve the patient's physical condition and enhance the tolerance to surgery, encourage the patient to eat more high-protein, high-calorie, high-vitamin diets and correct anemia and hypoproteinemia.

3. Specialized postoperative care

Closely observe vital signs: measure blood pressure, pulse, and respiration once every 15 to 30 minutes and record them until the patient is fully awake and his condition is stable, then change the measurement to once every 1 to 2 hours.

4. Carefully observe the time, urine volume and color of the first urination after surgery.

If you do not urinate or have a lot of blood in your urine within 6 hours after surgery, you should contact your doctor immediately. Pay attention to the amount, color, and nature of your urine every day, and collect samples for testing if necessary.

5. Do not eat for 48 hours after surgery

Intravenous fluids are given to promote diuresis and maintain water and electrolyte balance. If gas is passed, a liquid diet can be given.

6. After nephroureterectomy, a urinary catheter must be left in place for 5 to 7 days. Pay attention to whether the wound drainage or chest closed drainage is unobstructed, the drainage volume and nature, and the bleeding of the wound. Prevent the drainage tube from falling off, bleeding or excessive urine leakage, and replace the dressing in time if it is soaked.

7. Patients with normal renal function and no complications of hypertension or edema should be encouraged to drink more water, 3000 ml per day, to achieve the purpose of self-flushing.

8. For patients with urinary incontinence or urine leakage, the perineum should be kept clean and dry. For patients whose bladder is included in the resection, zinc oxide ointment should be applied around the cystostomy to protect the skin.