What tests are needed for ovarian cancer

Gynecological experts say that women who have not given birth should undergo ovarian cancer screening once a year. Relevant experts point out that 70% of ovarian cancer patients are already in the late stage when they are discovered. Ovarian cancer has become the biggest health risk for urban women because of its hidden onset and rapid development. So what are the tests for ovarian cancer?

1. Ultrasound examination of ovarian cancer

Understanding the size, shape, solidity, benign or malignant nature, and presence or absence of ascites of the pelvic mass can clearly distinguish normal tissue, fluid-filled cysts, and tumor tissue.

2. Laparoscopy or laparotomy for ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer examination can detect pathological changes in the pelvis and perform a live cell examination. Pathological biopsy is performed by laparotomy to obtain pathological tissue and observe and analyze it under a microscope. If a malignant tumor is suspected, a surgical oophorectomy is performed to remove the entire ovary. This is very important because if it is cancer, cutting the outer membrane of the ovary when taking tissue samples can easily cause cancer cells to spread to tissues and organs in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, after the cancer is detected, it must be completely removed.

3. Immunological diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most prominent in epithelial ovarian cancer, and increases significantly in mucinous cancer, which is of diagnostic significance. An increase in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) during examination is helpful for the diagnosis of ovarian endodermal sinus tumors. The use of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies CA-125 for epithelial ovarian cancer is also conducive to early diagnosis. CA-125 patients have higher levels than normal people.

4. Cytological examination

Vaginal exfoliated cell smears to find cancer cells for diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors have a low positive rate and low diagnostic value. Finding cancer cells in ascites or peritoneal washings is meaningful for further determining the clinical stage and selecting treatment options for stage I patients, and can be used for follow-up observation of efficacy.